Aspirin (ASA)

Aspirin, widely known for relieving headaches and fever, belongs to the family of antiplatelet agents rather than anticoagulants.
It is often said to “thin the blood,” but in reality, it works by preventing plateletsPlatelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small cell fragments produced by the bone marrow. They play a crucial role in blood clotting by forming aggregates and clots to stop bleeding when blood vessels are damaged. >> from forming clots—a critical mechanism in cardiovascular diseases.

Learn More: Antiplatelet Agents

Its Properties

Aspirin is a multifunctional molecule with the following properties:

Analgesic: reduces pain;
Antipyretic: lowers fever;
Anti-inflammatory: combats inflammation;
Antiplatelet: prevents plateletsPlatelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small cell fragments produced by the bone marrow. They play a crucial role in blood clotting by forming aggregates and clots to stop bleeding when blood vessels are damaged. >> from clumping together.

This last property is key to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It was first demonstrated in 1967 and confirmed in 1978 for preventing a second stroke (secondary prevention). In 1980, its efficacy was established for preventing recurrence after a heart attack.

Since then, aspirin has become a standard emergency treatment during an acute heart attack and should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms.

Mode of Administration and Dosage

A small daily dose of 80 mg is sufficient to exert its antiplatelet effect.

Its effect is even faster when the aspirin is chewed, which is recommended in emergency situations such as an ongoing heart attack.

Secondary Prevention: An Indispensable Ally

Aspirin has proven effective in reducing recurrences in individuals who have already experienced a cardiovascular event (heart attack, stroke, or vascular disease).

Its use in secondary prevention significantly lowers the risk of another episode.

Primary Prevention: An Idea to Abandon

For years, it was believed that aspirin could prevent cardiovascular diseases in people without prior history. However, clinical studies have never confirmed this enthusiasm. Even in high-risk cardiovascular patients, the potential benefits of aspirin are often outweighed by the risks of bleeding, particularly in the digestive tract.

Thus, taking a daily aspirin to prevent a first heart attack, stroke, or transient ischemic attack lacks solid scientific basis. On the contrary, it unnecessarily exposes individuals to complications.

What Can Be Done for Prevention?

Effective cardiovascular disease prevention hinges on adopting healthy lifestyle habits. These simple yet powerful practices have proven effects on heart health:

A balanced diet with moderate alcohol intake: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteinsProteins are fundamental components manufactured by the cells of our body. They play an essential role in many biological functions, acting as hormones, antibodies, and even cholesterol transporters, among others. >>, and healthy fats.
Cardiovascular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight: Regular physical activity strengthens the heart and improves bloodBlood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells make up our immune defense system. Platelets contribute to blood circulation.
Quitting smoking: Stopping smoking is one of the most beneficial decisions for your cardiovascular health.
Managing stress effectively: Relaxation techniques, meditation, or enjoyable activities help reduce tension.
Getting restorative sleep: Ensure good quality and sufficient sleep to allow your body to regenerate.

Adopting these habits is the best investment you can make for your cardiovascular health.

Learn More: Healthy Lifestyle Practices

In Summary

Aspirin is a powerful and effective medication, but its use must be targeted. It saves lives when used correctly, particularly in the context of secondary prevention.

However, it is not a universal remedy and should not be taken lightly for primary prevention. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting such a treatment.