Category: Congenital diseases

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a common congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal passage of bloodBlood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells make up our immune defense system. Platelets contribute to blood between the two ventricles of the heart. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options helps support patients more effectively and prevents long-term complications.

A Patent Foramen Ovale, or PFO, is an opening between the right and left atria of the heart. This type of atrial communication is commonly referred to as an ASD (Atrial Septal Defect). It is a remnant of fetal life, present in about 25% of the population.